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E ligases provide substrate recognition specificity Ubiquiti
2020-02-08
E3 ligases provide substrate recognition specificity Ubiquitination GF 109203X australia and substrate specificity in mammals is achieved by the existence of over six-hundred E3-ubiquitin ligases that catalyze the final step of ubiquitination, compared with only one E1 and very few E2 enzymes know
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br Materials and methods br Results and discussion
2020-02-07
Materials and methods Results and discussion Iron (II)/2-oxoglutarate (2-OG)-dependent oxygenases [28], [29] catalyze oxidative reactions of a range of metabolic processes including the hydroxylation of l-proline and l-lysine residues during the post-translational modification of collagen. Mor
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br Material and methods br Results br Discussion The present
2020-02-06
Material and methods Results Discussion The present study shows that peripheral administration of the nonpeptidic corticotropin-releasing factor CRF1 receptor antagonist CP-154,526 before a social defeat inhibits the development of CPP induced with a subthreshold dose of cocaine and reverse
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Phenolic compounds generated during biomass pretreatment
2020-02-05
Phenolic compounds generated during Phos-tag pretreatment inhibit and/or deactivate cellulolytic/hemicellulolytic enzymes as well as the viability and fermentative capacity of yeast and bacteria [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13]. Phenolic compounds cause changes in protein confor
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Increasing evidence supports that the B cell lymphoid
2020-02-05
Increasing evidence supports that the B-cell lymphoid malignancies develop from various stages of B-cells, hijacking the mechanisms that drive B-cell differentiation and activation [27]. For instance, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) originate from the pre-germinal c
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Recently Schenck et al identified an active site asparagine
2020-02-05
Recently, Schenck et al. [25] identified an active site asparagine 222 (N222) residue in the Glycine max TyrAp/PDH (GmPDH1) that is responsible for its prephenate substrate specificity. Mutating the single N222 into an acidic residue (i.e. aspartate, D) in the legume TyrAp/PDH shifted from prephenat
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One architecture termed closed has been visualized at near
2020-02-05
One architecture, termed closed, has been visualized at near-atomic resolution in cryo-EM maps of recombinant complexes that superimpose with earlier lower-resolution EM data obtained for APC/CCDC20–MCC purified from HeLa saha histone arrested during the mitotic checkpoint (Figure 4E) 38, 48, 51. H
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br Acknowledgments We thank our colleagues who have contribu
2020-02-05
Acknowledgments We thank our colleagues who have contributed to our understanding of the tolbutamide and the structure and function of APC/C, and apologize to those whose work we were unable to cite here. We thank J. Rajan Prabu for making the movies showing APC/C conformational changes. Our wor
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Valproic acid VPA is a first line
2020-02-05
Valproic l-name synthesis (VPA) is a first-line treatment for epilepsy and bipolar disorder, although its therapeutic mechanism of action is not fully understood. Considerable evidence suggests that VPA can act through the GABAergic system, NMDA receptors, and/or sodium channels (for review, see Lö
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The discoidin domain receptors DDR and
2020-02-05
The discoidin domain receptors, DDR1 and DDR2, are receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that are stimulated by collagen in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Unlike most other RTKs, they form ligand-independent stable dimers that are non-covalently linked. This ECM activation induces receptor phosphorylati
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Considering these reports and with
2020-02-04
Considering these reports, and with the aim of further investigating the mechanism by which the cAMP-Epac/PKA pathway activates eNOS, we have performed imaging experiments evaluating the effect of drugs that increase cAMP or modify its signalling pathways (PKA or Epac activators and inhibitors) on b
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The small GTPase Ran regulates karyopherin cargo interaction
2020-02-04
The small GTPase Ran regulates karyopherin–cargo interactions and the directionality of karyopherin-mediated transport. Like other Ras-family GTPases, Ran cycles between GTP- and GDP-bound states, and the two surface loops in Ran, referred to as the switch I and switch II loops, undergo significant
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Introduction Angiotensin II Ang II and Endothelin
2020-02-04
Introduction Angiotensin II (Ang II) and Endothelin 1 (ET-1) are potent vasoconstrictive peptides recognized as key players in many cardiovascular diseases [1]. Cardiac hypertrophy, ischemic arrhythmia, and stroke have been associated to an overstimulation of the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) recepto
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Although MMP might be a downstream target of Src
2020-02-04
Although MMP-9 might be a downstream target of Src kinase signaling (Liu and Sharp, 2011), a direct connection has not been established. We showed for the first time that, in the collagenase-induced ICH model, Src kinase signaling regulates MMP-9 activity and mediates EP1R toxicity. Consistent with
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Leupeptin sale OxLDL down regulates eNOS and
2020-02-04
OxLDL down-regulates eNOS and up-regulates iNOS, thereby augmenting the formation of NO and protein S-nitrosylation in human endothelial Leupeptin sale [26]. Importantly, iNOS-mediated S-nitrosylation plays an increasingly significant role in cardiovascular diseases [34]. For example, iNOS-mediated
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